'Miracle mouse' can grow back lost limbs - Health news - Times Online

Original date of this post: August 28, 2005

A fascinating development (something I'm sure you'll find is quite common on this blog). Scientists have created a self-healing mouse. The things they did to this mouse! And yet, it regenerated limbs, organs, it healed holes, perforated ears and who knows what else. It came through oh kay.

“We have experimented with amputating or damaging several different organs, such as the heart, toes, tail and ears, and just watched them regrow,” she said.

'She' being the lead scientist. The only organ that is unaffected by this pathologically self-healing gene seems to be the brain. Everything else regenerates. What's more is that when they injected cells from this mouse strain (and obviously strained mouse) into other, normal, mice, the self-healing ability was acquired.

The discoveries raise the prospect that humans could one day be given the ability to regenerate lost or damaged organs, opening up a new era in medicine.

Technorati tags: longevity, science, medical science, senescence

Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cords in Mice

Similar to the previous post. The things they do to these mice!

In this case they are looking at regenerating spinal cord neural cells. Injecting human stem cells into mice, after damaging the mice' spinal cords. The human stem cells develop into neural cells (of various types) and establish connections, such that the damage is reversed.

"We show that these [stem] cells make connections with the nervous system of the mouse in a way that is appropriate … and could mediate recovery," Anderson said. "That's a big thing."

And she should know.

Within four months, mice that had been transplanted with human stem cells showed long-term recovery of motor function.

Not quite as exciting as the self-healing mouse, perhaps?

Technorati tags: senescence, stem cell research, health

Photos: Robot racers tune up for Darpa Challenge | CNET News.com

A couple of photos of the challengers. I like the motorbike entry, but I'm not sure if it's in the 20 that will take part.

Technorati tags: robotics, artificial intelligence

AP Wire | 09/25/2005 | Robots to face off for $2M Pentagon prize

Things are starting to happen, and this time it sounds like they may even break that 8 mile barrier...

Newcomers have joined a handful of last year's teams to form a motley mix of garage tinkerers, academia and corporations. All hope that their machines - fitted with the latest sensors, cameras and computers - have aged a generation since last year.

Damn! I'll be searching for my Lego MindStorms Robotics kit again.

This year's race shows signs of being extremely competitive. Some vehicles have logged hundreds of self-guided miles in the Southwest desert during summer practice runs. Several even tested on last year's course, which spanned the Mojave Desert between Barstow, Calif., and Primm, Nev.

And they are ambitious this year:

DARPA Director Anthony Tether hopes that a robot will be able to traverse the course in under 10 hours and snatch this year's prize. "It's going to be a long day out in the desert," Tether said.

I reckon...

Technorati tags: robotics, artificial intelligence

Nanogirl Dermal Display

Windows getting under your skin. 'Pixel bots' and 'programmable dermal display'. On the back of your hand. Perhaps this will be the future of cell phones. Or tattoos? Animated tattoos, perhaps.

Anyway, your health first...

Technorati tags: nanotechnology, medicine

BBC NEWS | Technology | Deadly plague hits Warcraft world

An virtual plague devastating a virtual world. This is just so cool. Science fiction is charging down this way from somewhere in the future.

Many online discussion sites were buzzing with reports from the disaster zones with some describing seeing "hundreds" of bodies lying in the virtual streets of the online towns and cities.

Blizzard tried to control the plague by staging rolling re-starts of all the servers supporting the Warcraft realms and applying quick fixes.

However, there are reports that this has not solved all the problems and that isolated pockets of plague are breaking out again.

Blizzard is the company that created the online game (World of Warcraft) which was infected far more than intended by a virtual plague.

Technorati tags: virtual worlds, science fiction

SPACE.com -- Astronotes | Space Elevator Gets FAA Lift

They are actually doing something. I'm obviously too cynical and narrow-minded (insular would also be a reasonable word to use here, I think). Still, like the man said, it's a 'trillion-dollar moneymaker'. Come to think of it, what would a trillion-dollars look like in Rand?

The lifters are early prototypes of the technology that the company is developing for use in its commercial space elevator to ferry cargo back and forth into space.

The tests, which are planned for early fall, will simulate a working space elevator by launching a model elevator “ribbon” attached to moored balloon initially up to a mile high. The robotic lifters will then be tested in their ability to climb up and down the free-hanging ribbon, marking the first-ever test of this technology in the development of the space elevator concept.

I'll keep track of this - would like to see some images of these balloons and their ribbons...

When is 'early fall'? Would that be early spring in the Southern Hemisphere?

Technorati tags: space, science fiction, technology

BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Flying reptiles just got bigger

This entry is for Thomas (the mammal, but also the tyrannosaurus and, recently, the velociraptor). This beautiful picture is from the BBC website in the heading above. Hopefully, they'll let me keep it on the page.

New findings in the Americas (they mention Mexico and Brazil) show that some of these creatures had wingspans of over 18m! Small aeroplanes!

"Their skeletons were exceedingly light: their bones were very thin and hollow, and those hollows were filled with an air-sack system. They'd also got rid of their reptilian scales and their wing membrane was very, very thin.

"All this meant there wasn't that much weight to get off the ground, and so they probably flew really rather well," the researcher said.

Technorati tags: science, paleontology, pterosaurs, mesozoic

EETimes.com - Hitachi claims Cambridge qubit silicon success

Another step. At this rate I'll definitely be heading to the wikipedia page soon. The problem is that someone needs to fill in the years between 2001 and 2005...

Actually, I was going to write 'Another small step...', imagining myself being fiendishly clever with the play on quantum and small and all that, but then I thought that perhaps to these scientists it's not such a small step. Or even worse, it may seem like I have no idea what I'm writing about...

As qubits can be combined in a variety of two-dimensional circuits, as in conventional microprocessors, there is the possibility of scaling-up from one device to a large quantum circuit, which is Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory's next project.

Believe me, we here at topolog will be keeping an eye on that project.

Technorati tags:
science
quantum

Trading Rockets for Space Elevators

We all know what a space elevator is, right? We've all read Arthur C. Clarke's Fountains of Paradise. Well, I read it many many years ago, and can actually only remember that it mentioned a space elevator. Okay, but the space elevator idea isn't new, and it has left the realms of science fiction. NASA, starting somewhere in 2000, has been looking at this as an option (although, I don't suppose that necessarily means the idea has a more solid basis.)

The news is that the process discussed on this blog a couple of days ago, whereby sheets of nano-carbon tubes can be produced at...7m a minute or something like that...that process has profound implications for the space elevator idea, since the cables along which the elevator will be moving will consist of 'at least 50% nano carbon tubes'.

The quote that I enjoyed in this article is the following:

"This is a trillion-dollar moneymaker for a ten billion dollar investment," said Bradley Edwards, whose work with Los Alamos National Laboratory and the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts has made him a go-to expert on space elevators. "Some of the largest companies in the world are just waiting for the word that this is possible."

Reminds me of something from Austin Powers...

Stoping light in quantum leap

Perhaps not 'stoping' so much as slowing it down. Again, I am amazed. Who would've thought you can slow light down?

Naturally, it's not that simple. Nothing is simple, or common sense, in the quantum world. It seems they use a vocabulary that's similar to our normal day-to-day language (be that english or south eastern mongolian, I suspect), but differs from it in crucial aspects. Differs just enough to be most confusing. It helps to remember that when the word 'quantum' is used in a scientific report, then the meanings of all other words in the report (including 'the' and 'a', or 'stop' for that matter) should be interpreted with that in mind. The meanings of these words also seem to enter the non-intuitive realm of quantum mechanics. Okay, I won't get any more lyrical on the subject. You get the idea.

The article relates to quantum computing, rather than to slowing down light. The techniques used here will pave the way, theoretically, to quantum computer memory. From what I understand, this is a very big step towards the reality of quantum computers.

Researchers from the Laser Physics Centre in the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering used a modified crystal to ‘stop’ light for over a second, more than 1000 times longer than earlier attempts.

“Stopping light is not just a neat trick, it is the basis of a quantum memory — a device capable of storing and recalling the quantum states of light. This is one of many quantum computing components under development in our lab,” Dr Sellars said.

“We have gone out on a limb pursuing our unique approach to quantum computing. What our new record shows is that we are on the right track,” Dr Longdell said. “Now, if we can store a single photon we will have demonstrated the world’s first quantum memory.”

I'll keep an eye on this thread...and then perhaps I can add it to the 'quantum computer timeline' in the wikipedia

USATODAY.com - Nanotech researchers report big breakthrough

They've finally come up with sheets of nanotubes:

The team has developed an automated process that produced 2 ¾-inch-wide strips of nanotubes at a rate of about 47 feet per minute. Other methods take much longer to create nanotube sheets.

And what's important:

"The technique is most elegant and the applications they've shown are quite impressive," says nanotube expert Shalom Wind of Columbia University in New York. Industry and academic researchers are already regarding nanotubes with avid interest, he adds.

Common Sense vs Uncommon Sense

I'm not going to add anything to this. Just read Horgan's thesis and then further down the page Susskind's counter argument.

Boffins create zombie dogs | The Other Side | Breaking News 24/7 - NEWS.com.au (27-06-2005)

The dogs are rendered comatose by replacing their blood with a cold saline solution. In this state the dogs are considered dead as they don't breathe and have no heart or brain activity. Then, three hours later, they are revived by replacing the solution in their veins with their blood and giving them an electric shock. They come out of this, I presume, as good as...well...as good as they went into it.

During the procedure blood is replaced with saline solution at a few degrees above zero. The dogs' body temperature drops to only 7C, compared with the usual 37C, inducing a state of hypothermia before death.

Although the animals are clinically dead, their tissues and organs are perfectly preserved.

Tests show they are perfectly normal, with no brain damage.

The technique will be useful, not so much for the scifi purpose of travelling lightyears, but to save lives:

But even this should be enough to save lives such as battlefield casualties and victims of stabbings or gunshot wounds, who have suffered huge blood loss.

I can imagine this can help hospitals cope with large numbers of casualties from some catastrophic event.

SPACE.com -- The Biggest Starquake Ever

The resulting flash of energy -- which lasted only a tenth of a second -- released more energy than the Sun emits in 150,000 years.

A magnetar has an...well, I suppose it's a 'magnetar quake' then...and the energy released is so much that a 'tenth of a second' blast will blow back the hair of even the most hardened astrophysicist (wildly assuming he has hair). The physics and magnetarophysics of these entities (magnetars and not necessarily astrophysicists) are most fascinating.

Neutron stars form when a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel to burn. Under the weight of its own gravity, the star's core collapses into either a dense neutron star, or an even denser black hole.

The particles inside a neutron star are so tightly packed together that electrons are forced into the atomic nucleus, where they fuse with protons to make neutrons. This pure neutron material is so dense that a spoonful of it would weigh over a billion tons on Earth.

Some of these [magnetars] have intense magnetic fields, which are trillions of times greater than the Earth's magnetic field. On the high end of magnetic neutron stars are the magnetars.

Wonder what my compass will do on one of these things (apart, I suppose, from smearing itself to a sub-nanometer thin film over the surface.)

Is bubble fusion back? (July 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb

And some more on what is now obviously known as 'bubble fusion'.

Realistic Time Machine? New design could forgo exotic ingredient: Science News Online, July 16, 2005

A bit more information...

A New Class of Time Machine

Not much is said on this 'physorg' page - an abstract is quoted. I assume no-one has read the actual paper yet.

Some recent dinosaur discoveries (for Thomas, the mammal):

Dinosaur reclassified as crocodile

June 23, 2005

The find suggests that, rather than rising together, meat-eating theropods such as Tyrannosaurus rex existed long before the plant-eating ornithischians, researchers said in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences.

Traditionally these teeth were thought to belong to the ornithischians (bird-hipped). Admittedly, I don't know much and am confused. Nothing new, I know, but still.

From LiveScience:

"This find is a great thing for the crocodilian record, too," Parker said. "Here's this totally unrecognized group of possibly herbivorous crocodilians," Parker said.

The sort of crocodiles one can get comfortable with...but, let me see now, they thought the teeth belonged to the herbivorous ornithischians (do you get carniverous ones?), but it turns out they belonged to herbivorous crocodiles? I had better go read those articles again. The main gist of this excursion into the treacherous mists of paleontology is that they've been classifying dinosaurs, especially those bird-hipped ones, the friendly plant-eating ones, using teeth only, and now they're going to have to go back and rethink the whole thing. We'll give them some time.

Eastern Montana's B. rex now yields female bone tissue

June 02, 2005

Okay, blogging is such that you'll have to read the entry below this one first if you want to get the sequence right (which you don't really need to but for those pedants among us...).

Here we have something they've apparently been looking for all these years, bone tissue of a kind that can be used to identify the gender of the original owner of said tissue, the dinosaur. The tissue is common in birds (which, like dinosaurs used to, lay eggs - pertinent to this discussion), and has been conspicuously absent from dinosaurs, until, as they say, now.

The Tyrannosaurus rex known as B. rex has now yielded bone tissue that is common in female birds, said Mary Higby Schweitzer.

What I said.

The discovery not only means that B. rex was female, but it signifies the end of a scientific treasure hunt, according to Schweitzer who announced her discovery in the June 3 issue of the journal Science.

Researchers have long predicted they would find medullary tissue in dinosaurs, but they hadn't found it until it appeared in the hind thigh bones of B. rex, Schweitzer said. Scientists expected to find the tissue in dinosaurs because other evidence linking birds and dinosaurs is so robust and all female birds have medullary tissue.

Exactly. It's obvious I find myself on a sure footing with this article. I can flaunt it, I can move it, move it. Nevermind

Schweitzer said she was trying to get at the microstructure of the bone by partially removing the mineral when she came across the soft tissue and blood vessels that led to her first paper in Science. That paper was published March 25 and led to a storm of publicity because the finding was significant, unexpected and controversial.

Which leads us, in this temporal labyrinth, to the next/previous entry.

Blood vessels recovered from T. rex bone

March 24, 2005

I found this (and I suspect I'm not the only one) just so extraordinary:

Palaeontologists have extracted soft, flexible structures that appear to be blood vessels from the bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex that died 68 million years ago. They also have found small red microstructures that resemble red blood cells.

Soft tissue. Blood vessels. In rock?! Preserved through all the shit that rocks have to go through to become...rocks. Temperatures and pressures. Soft and stretchy and lithification. They don't belong together. Surely? Is nothing sacred anymore?

"[The T. rex paper] suggests that biological and biochemical information might be recoverable from a wide range of fossil material," says Angela Milner of the Natural History Museum, in London, UK, who has detected proteins in Iguanadon bone. "There certainly seem to be blood vessels," she told New Scientist.

BBC NEWS | Health | Brain cells are matured in lab

An article from Tuesday, 14 June, 2005 which does my sense of being not much good either. Nobody told me the mature brain can produce brain cells.

A little more than a decade ago, scientists came to realise that the brain continues to produce small amounts of new cells even in adulthood.

They also neglected to mention that braincells have been produced, in the lab, from stem cells.

It is not the first time that immature stem cells have been manipulated in the laboratory to become brain cells.

But now I know. Of course the bugger is that, and I can confirm this from personal experience, the mature brain can't do it fast enough.

The scientists on the other hand seem to have a handle on this:

"Then we thaw them, begin a cell-generating process, and produce a ton of new neurons."

As with all these discoveries, it seems they have yet to find a good use for it...

"More importantly, as is the case for all tissue culture models, they are a long way from showing that such cells could be of therapeutic potential."