neural network - Webopedia.com

Strictly speaking, a neural network implies a non-digital computer, but neural networks can be simulated on digital computers.

Neural networks are currently used prominently in voice recognition systems, image recognition systems, industrial robotics, medical imaging, data mining and aerospace applications.

Some more introductory sites on neural networks:

• An Introduction to Neural Networks

Yes, I noticed. There's only one in that list. Is that still a list, then? I'll add more as I go along.